AVM Transaction Format
This file is meant to be the single source of truth for how we serialize transactions in the Avalanche Virtual Machine (AVM). This document uses the primitive serialization format for packing and secp256k1 for cryptographic user identification.
Codec ID
Some data is prepended with a codec ID (unt16) that denotes how the data should be deserialized. Right now, the only valid codec ID is 0 (0x00 0x00).
Transferable Output
Transferable outputs wrap an output with an asset ID.
What Transferable Output Contains
A transferable output contains an AssetID and an Output.
AssetIDis a 32-byte array that defines which asset this output references.Outputis an output, as defined below. For example, this can be a SECP256K1 transfer output.
Gantt Transferable Output Specification
+----------+----------+-------------------------+
| asset_id : [32]byte | 32 bytes |
+----------+----------+-------------------------+
| output : Output | size(output) bytes |
+----------+----------+-------------------------+
| 32 + size(output) bytes |
+-------------------------+
Proto Transferable Output Specification
message TransferableOutput {
bytes asset_id = 1; // 32 bytes
Output output = 2; // size(output)
}
Transferable Output Example
Let’s make a transferable output:
AssetID:0x000102030405060708090a0b0c0d0e0f101112131415161718191a1b1c1d1e1fOutput:"Example SECP256K1 Transfer Output from below"
[
AssetID <- 0x000102030405060708090a0b0c0d0e0f101112131415161718191a1b1c1d1e1f
Output <- 0x000000070000000000003039000000000000d431000000010000000251025c61fbcfc078f69334f834be6dd26d55a955c3344128e060128ede3523a24a461c8943ab0859,
]
=
[
// assetID:
0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07,
0x08, 0x09, 0x0a, 0x0b, 0x0c, 0x0d, 0x0e, 0x0f,
0x10, 0x11, 0x12, 0x13, 0x14, 0x15, 0x16, 0x17,
0x18, 0x19, 0x1a, 0x1b, 0x1c, 0x1d, 0x1e, 0x1f,
// output:
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x07, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x30, 0x39, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0xd4, 0x31, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x51, 0x02, 0x5c, 0x61,
0xfb, 0xcf, 0xc0, 0x78, 0xf6, 0x93, 0x34, 0xf8,
0x34, 0xbe, 0x6d, 0xd2, 0x6d, 0x55, 0xa9, 0x55,
0xc3, 0x34, 0x41, 0x28, 0xe0, 0x60, 0x12, 0x8e,
0xde, 0x35, 0x23, 0xa2, 0x4a, 0x46, 0x1c, 0x89,
0x43, 0xab, 0x08, 0x59,
]
Transferable Input
Transferable inputs describe a specific UTXO with a provided transfer input.
What Transferable Input Contains
A transferable input contains a TxID, UTXOIndex AssetID and an Input.
TxIDis a 32-byte array that defines which transaction this input is consuming an output from. Transaction IDs are calculated by taking sha256 of the bytes of the signed transaction.UTXOIndexis an int that defines which utxo this input is consuming in the specified transaction.AssetIDis a 32-byte array that defines which asset this input references.Inputis an input, as defined below. This can currently only be a SECP256K1 transfer input
Gantt Transferable Input Specification
+------------+----------+------------------------+
| tx_id : [32]byte | 32 bytes |
+------------+----------+------------------------+
| utxo_index : int | 04 bytes |
+------------+----------+------------------------+
| asset_id : [32]byte | 32 bytes |
+------------+----------+------------------------+
| input : Input | size(input) bytes |
+------------+----------+------------------------+
| 68 + size(input) bytes |
+------------------------+
Proto Transferable Input Specification
message TransferableInput {
bytes tx_id = 1; // 32 bytes
uint32 utxo_index = 2; // 04 bytes
bytes asset_id = 3; // 32 bytes
Input input = 4; // size(input)
}
Transferable Input Example
Let’s make a transferable input:
TxID:0xf1e1d1c1b1a191817161514131211101f0e0d0c0b0a090807060504030201000UTXOIndex:5AssetID:0x000102030405060708090a0b0c0d0e0f101112131415161718191a1b1c1d1e1fInput:"Example SECP256K1 Transfer Input from below"
[
TxID <- 0xf1e1d1c1b1a191817161514131211101f0e0d0c0b0a090807060504030201000
UTXOIndex <- 0x00000005
AssetID <- 0x000102030405060708090a0b0c0d0e0f101112131415161718191a1b1c1d1e1f
Input <- 0x0000000500000000075bcd15000000020000000700000003
]
=
[
// txID:
0xf1, 0xe1, 0xd1, 0xc1, 0xb1, 0xa1, 0x91, 0x81,
0x71, 0x61, 0x51, 0x41, 0x31, 0x21, 0x11, 0x01,
0xf0, 0xe0, 0xd0, 0xc0, 0xb0, 0xa0, 0x90, 0x80,
0x70, 0x60, 0x50, 0x40, 0x30, 0x20, 0x10, 0x00,
// utxoIndex:
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x05,
// assetID:
0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07,
0x08, 0x09, 0x0a, 0x0b, 0x0c, 0x0d, 0x0e, 0x0f,
0x10, 0x11, 0x12, 0x13, 0x14, 0x15, 0x16, 0x17,
0x18, 0x19, 0x1a, 0x1b, 0x1c, 0x1d, 0x1e, 0x1f,
// input:
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x07, 0x5b, 0xcd, 0x15, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x07
]
Transferable Op
Transferable operations describe a set of UTXOs with a provided transfer operation. Only one Asset ID is able to be referenced per operation.
What Transferable Op Contains
A transferable operation contains an AssetID, UTXOIDs, and a TransferOp.
AssetIDis a 32-byte array that defines which asset this operation changes.UTXOIDsis an array of TxID-OutputIndex tuples. This array must be sorted in lexicographical order.TransferOpis a transferable operation object.
Gantt Transferable Op Specification
+-------------+------------+------------------------------+
| asset_id : [32]byte | 32 bytes |
+-------------+------------+------------------------------+
| utxo_ids : []UTXOID | 4 + 36 * len(utxo_ids) bytes |
+-------------+------------+------------------------------+
| transfer_op : TransferOp | size(transfer_op) bytes |
+-------------+------------+------------------------------+
| 36 + 36 * len(utxo_ids) |
| + size(transfer_op) bytes |
+------------------------------+
Proto Transferable Op Specification
message UTXOID {
bytes tx_id = 1; // 32 bytes
uint32 utxo_index = 2; // 04 bytes
}
message TransferableOp {
bytes asset_id = 1; // 32 bytes
repeated UTXOID utxo_ids = 2; // 4 + 36 * len(utxo_ids) bytes
TransferOp transfer_op = 3; // size(transfer_op)
}
Transferable Op Example
Let’s make a transferable operation:
AssetID:0x000102030405060708090a0b0c0d0e0f101112131415161718191a1b1c1d1e1fUTXOIDs:UTXOID:TxID:0xf1e1d1c1b1a191817161514131211101f0e0d0c0b0a090807060504030201000UTXOIndex:5
Op:"Example Transfer Op from below"
[
AssetID <- 0x000102030405060708090a0b0c0d0e0f101112131415161718191a1b1c1d1e1f
UTXOIDs <- [
{
TxID:0xf1e1d1c1b1a191817161514131211101f0e0d0c0b0a090807060504030201000
UTXOIndex:5
}
]
Op <- 0x0000000d0000000200000003000000070000303900000003431100000000010000000251025c61fbcfc078f69334f834be6dd26d55a955c3344128e060128ede3523a24a461c8943ab0859
]
=
[
// assetID:
0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07,
0x08, 0x09, 0x0a, 0x0b, 0x0c, 0x0d, 0x0e, 0x0f,
0x10, 0x11, 0x12, 0x13, 0x14, 0x15, 0x16, 0x17,
0x18, 0x19, 0x1a, 0x1b, 0x1c, 0x1d, 0x1e, 0x1f,
// number of utxoIDs:
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01,
// txID:
0xf1, 0xe1, 0xd1, 0xc1, 0xb1, 0xa1, 0x91, 0x81,
0x71, 0x61, 0x51, 0x41, 0x31, 0x21, 0x11, 0x01,
0xf0, 0xe0, 0xd0, 0xc0, 0xb0, 0xa0, 0x90, 0x80,
0x70, 0x60, 0x50, 0x40, 0x30, 0x20, 0x10, 0x00,
// utxoIndex:
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x05,
// op:
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0d, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x07,
0x00, 0x00, 0x30, 0x39, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03,
0x43, 0x11, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x51, 0x02, 0x5c, 0x61, 0xfb,
0xcf, 0xc0, 0x78, 0xf6, 0x93, 0x34, 0xf8, 0x34,
0xbe, 0x6d, 0xd2, 0x6d, 0x55, 0xa9, 0x55, 0xc3,
0x34, 0x41, 0x28, 0xe0, 0x60, 0x12, 0x8e, 0xde,
0x35, 0x23, 0xa2, 0x4a, 0x46, 0x1c, 0x89, 0x43,
0xab, 0x08, 0x59,
]
Outputs
Outputs have four possible types: SECP256K1TransferOutput, SECP256K1MintOutput, NFTTransferOutput and NFTMintOutput.
SECP256K1 Transfer Output
A secp256k1 transfer output allows for sending a quantity of an asset to a collection of addresses after a specified unix time.
What SECP256K1 Transfer Output Contains
A secp256k1 transfer output contains a TypeID, Amount, Locktime, Threshold, and Addresses.
TypeIDis the ID for this output type. It is0x00000007.Amountis a long that specifies the quantity of the asset that this output owns. Must be positive.Locktimeis a long that contains the unix timestamp that this output can be spent after. The unix timestamp is specific to the second.Thresholdis an int that names the number of unique signatures required to spend the output. Must be less than or equal to the length ofAddresses. IfAddressesis empty, must be 0.Addressesis a list of unique addresses that correspond to the private keys that can be used to spend this output. Addresses must be sorted lexicographically.
Gantt SECP256K1 Transfer Output Specification
+-----------+------------+--------------------------------+
| type_id : int | 4 bytes |
+-----------+------------+--------------------------------+
| amount : long | 8 bytes |
+-----------+------------+--------------------------------+
| locktime : long | 8 bytes |
+-----------+------------+--------------------------------+
| threshold : int | 4 bytes |
+-----------+------------+--------------------------------+
| addresses : [][20]byte | 4 + 20 * len(addresses) bytes |
+-----------+------------+--------------------------------+
| 28 + 20 * len(addresses) bytes |
+--------------------------------+
Proto SECP256K1 Transfer Output Specification
message SECP256K1TransferOutput {
uint32 typeID = 1; // 04 bytes
uint64 amount = 2; // 08 bytes
uint64 locktime = 3; // 08 bytes
uint32 threshold = 4; // 04 bytes
repeated bytes addresses = 5; // 04 bytes + 20 bytes * len(addresses)
}
SECP256K1 Transfer Output Example
Let’s make a secp256k1 transfer output with:
TypeID:7Amount:12345Locktime:54321Threshold:1Addresses:0x51025c61fbcfc078f69334f834be6dd26d55a9550xc3344128e060128ede3523a24a461c8943ab0859
[
TypeID <- 0x00000007
Amount <- 0x0000000000003039
Locktime <- 0x000000000000d431
Threshold <- 0x00000001
Addresses <- [
0x51025c61fbcfc078f69334f834be6dd26d55a955,
0xc3344128e060128ede3523a24a461c8943ab0859,
]
]
=
[
// typeID:
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x07,
// amount:
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x30, 0x39,
// locktime:
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xd4, 0x31,
// threshold:
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01,
// number of addresses:
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02,
// addrs[0]:
0x51, 0x02, 0x5c, 0x61, 0xfb, 0xcf, 0xc0, 0x78,
0xf6, 0x93, 0x34, 0xf8, 0x34, 0xbe, 0x6d, 0xd2,
0x6d, 0x55, 0xa9, 0x55,
// addrs[1]:
0xc3, 0x34, 0x41, 0x28, 0xe0, 0x60, 0x12, 0x8e,
0xde, 0x35, 0x23, 0xa2, 0x4a, 0x46, 0x1c, 0x89,
0x43, 0xab, 0x08, 0x59,
]
SECP256K1 Mint Output
A secp256k1 mint output is an output that is owned by a collection of addresses.
What SECP256K1 Mint Output Contains
A secp256k1 Mint output contains a TypeID, Locktime, Threshold, and Addresses.
TypeIDis the ID for this output type. It is0x00000006.Locktimeis a long that contains the unix timestamp that this output can be spent after. The unix timestamp is specific to the second.Thresholdis an int that names the number of unique signatures required to spend the output. Must be less than or equal to the length ofAddresses. IfAddressesis empty, must be 0.Addressesis a list of unique addresses that correspond to the private keys that can be used to spend this output. Addresses must be sorted lexicographically.
Gantt SECP256K1 Mint Output Specification
+-----------+------------+--------------------------------+
| type_id : int | 4 bytes |
+-----------+------------+--------------------------------+
| locktime : long | 8 bytes |
+-----------+------------+--------------------------------+
| threshold : int | 4 bytes |
+-----------+------------+--------------------------------+
| addresses : [][20]byte | 4 + 20 * len(addresses) bytes |
+-----------+------------+--------------------------------+
| 20 + 20 * len(addresses) bytes |
+--------------------------------+
Proto SECP256K1 Mint Output Specification
message SECP256K1MintOutput {
uint32 typeID = 1; // 04 bytes
uint64 locktime = 2; // 08 bytes
uint32 threshold = 3; // 04 bytes
repeated bytes addresses = 4; // 04 bytes + 20 bytes * len(addresses)
}
SECP256K1 Mint Output Example
Let’s make a SECP256K1 mint output with:
TypeID:6Locktime:54321Threshold:1Addresses:0x51025c61fbcfc078f69334f834be6dd26d55a9550xc3344128e060128ede3523a24a461c8943ab0859
[
TypeID <- 0x00000006
Locktime <- 0x000000000000d431
Threshold <- 0x00000001
Addresses <- [
0x51025c61fbcfc078f69334f834be6dd26d55a955,
0xc3344128e060128ede3523a24a461c8943ab0859,
]
]
=
[
// typeID:
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x06,
// locktime:
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xd4, 0x31,
// threshold:
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01,
// number of addresses:
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02,
// addrs[0]:
0x51, 0x02, 0x5c, 0x61, 0xfb, 0xcf, 0xc0, 0x78,
0xf6, 0x93, 0x34, 0xf8, 0x34, 0xbe, 0x6d, 0xd2,
0x6d, 0x55, 0xa9, 0x55,
// addrs[1]:
0xc3, 0x34, 0x41, 0x28, 0xe0, 0x60, 0x12, 0x8e,
0xde, 0x35, 0x23, 0xa2, 0x4a, 0x46, 0x1c, 0x89,
0x43, 0xab, 0x08, 0x59,
]
NFT Transfer Output
An NFT transfer output is an NFT that is owned by a collection of addresses.
What NFT Transfer Output Contains
An NFT transfer output contains a TypeID, GroupID, Payload, Locktime, Threshold, and Addresses.
TypeIDis the ID for this output type. It is0x0000000b.GroupIDis an int that specifies the group this NFT was issued with.Payloadis an arbitrary string of bytes no long longer than 1024 bytes.Locktimeis a long that contains the unix timestamp that this output can be spent after. The unix timestamp is specific to the second.Thresholdis an int that names the number of unique signatures required to spend the output. Must be less than or equal to the length ofAddresses. IfAddressesis empty, must be 0.Addressesis a list of unique addresses that correspond to the private keys that can be used to spend this output. Addresses must be sorted lexicographically.
Gantt NFT Transfer Output Specification
+-----------+------------+-------------------------------+
| type_id : int | 4 bytes |
+-----------+------------+-------------------------------+
| group_id : int | 4 bytes |
+-----------+------------+-------------------------------+
| payload : []byte | 4 + len(payload) bytes |
+-----------+------------+-------------------------------+
| locktime : long | 8 bytes |
+-----------+------------+-------------------------------+
| threshold : int | 4 bytes |
+-----------+------------+-------------------------------+
| addresses : [][20]byte | 4 + 20 * len(addresses) bytes |
+-----------+------------+-------------------------------+
| 28 + len(payload) |
| + 20 * len(addresses) bytes |
+-------------------------------+
Proto NFT Transfer Output Specification
message NFTTransferOutput {
uint32 typeID = 1; // 04 bytes
uint32 group_id = 2; // 04 bytes
bytes payload = 3; // 04 bytes + len(payload)
uint64 locktime = 4 // 08 bytes
uint32 threshold = 5; // 04 bytes
repeated bytes addresses = 6; // 04 bytes + 20 bytes * len(addresses)
}
NFT Transfer Output Example
Let’s make an NFT transfer output with:
TypeID:11GroupID:12345Payload:0x431100Locktime:54321Threshold:1Addresses:0x51025c61fbcfc078f69334f834be6dd26d55a9550xc3344128e060128ede3523a24a461c8943ab0859
[
TypeID <- 0x0000000b
GroupID <- 0x00003039
Payload <- 0x431100
Locktime <- 0x000000000000d431
Threshold <- 0x00000001
Addresses <- [
0x51025c61fbcfc078f69334f834be6dd26d55a955,
0xc3344128e060128ede3523a24a461c8943ab0859,
]
]
=
[
// TypeID:
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0b,
// groupID:
0x00, 0x00, 0x30, 0x39,
// length of payload:
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03,
// payload:
0x43, 0x11, 0x00,
// locktime:
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xd4, 0x31,
// threshold:
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01,
// number of addresses:
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02,
// addrs[0]:
0x51, 0x02, 0x5c, 0x61, 0xfb, 0xcf, 0xc0, 0x78,
0xf6, 0x93, 0x34, 0xf8, 0x34, 0xbe, 0x6d, 0xd2,
0x6d, 0x55, 0xa9, 0x55,
// addrs[1]:
0xc3, 0x34, 0x41, 0x28, 0xe0, 0x60, 0x12, 0x8e,
0xde, 0x35, 0x23, 0xa2, 0x4a, 0x46, 0x1c, 0x89,
0x43, 0xab, 0x08, 0x59,
]
NFT Mint Output
An NFT mint output is an NFT that is owned by a collection of addresses.
What NFT Mint Output Contains
An NFT Mint output contains a TypeID, GroupID, Locktime, Threshold, and Addresses.
TypeIDis the ID for this output type. It is0x0000000a.GroupIDis an int that specifies the group this NFT is issued to.Locktimeis a long that contains the unix timestamp that this output can be spent after. The unix timestamp is specific to the second.Thresholdis an int that names the number of unique signatures required to spend the output. Must be less than or equal to the length ofAddresses. IfAddressesis empty, must be 0.Addressesis a list of unique addresses that correspond to the private keys that can be used to spend this output. Addresses must be sorted lexicographically.
Gantt NFT Mint Output Specification
+-----------+------------+--------------------------------+
| type_id : int | 4 bytes |
+-----------+------------+--------------------------------+
| group_id : int | 4 bytes |
+-----------+------------+--------------------------------+
| locktime : long | 8 bytes |
+-----------+------------+--------------------------------+
| threshold : int | 4 bytes |
+-----------+------------+--------------------------------+
| addresses : [][20]byte | 4 + 20 * len(addresses) bytes |
+-----------+------------+--------------------------------+
| 24 + 20 * len(addresses) bytes |
+--------------------------------+
Proto NFT Mint Output Specification
message NFTMintOutput {
uint32 typeID = 1; // 04 bytes
uint32 group_id = 2; // 04 bytes
uint64 locktime = 3; // 08 bytes
uint32 threshold = 4; // 04 bytes
repeated bytes addresses = 5; // 04 bytes + 20 bytes * len(addresses)
}
NFT Mint Output Example
Let’s make an NFT mint output with:
TypeID:10GroupID:12345Locktime:54321Threshold:1Addresses:0x51025c61fbcfc078f69334f834be6dd26d55a9550xc3344128e060128ede3523a24a461c8943ab0859
[
TypeID <- 0x0000000a
GroupID <- 0x00003039
Locktime <- 0x000000000000d431
Threshold <- 0x00000001
Addresses <- [
0x51025c61fbcfc078f69334f834be6dd26d55a955,
0xc3344128e060128ede3523a24a461c8943ab0859,
]
]
=
[
// TypeID
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0a,
// groupID:
0x00, 0x00, 0x30, 0x39,
// locktime:
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xd4, 0x31,
// threshold:
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01,
// number of addresses:
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02,
// addrs[0]:
0x51, 0x02, 0x5c, 0x61, 0xfb, 0xcf, 0xc0, 0x78,
0xf6, 0x93, 0x34, 0xf8, 0x34, 0xbe, 0x6d, 0xd2,
0x6d, 0x55, 0xa9, 0x55,
// addrs[1]:
0xc3, 0x34, 0x41, 0x28, 0xe0, 0x60, 0x12, 0x8e,
0xde, 0x35, 0x23, 0xa2, 0x4a, 0x46, 0x1c, 0x89,
0x43, 0xab, 0x08, 0x59,
]
Inputs
Inputs have one possible type: SECP256K1TransferInput.
SECP256K1 Transfer Input
A secp256k1 transfer input allows for spending an unspent secp256k1 transfer output.
What SECP256K1 Transfer Input Contains
A secp256k1 transfer input contains an Amount and AddressIndices.
TypeIDis the ID for this input type. It is0x00000005.Amountis a long that specifies the quantity that this input should be consuming from the UTXO. Must be positive. Must be equal to the amount specified in the UTXO.AddressIndicesis a list of unique ints that define the private keys that are being used to spend the UTXO. Each UTXO has an array of addresses that can spend the UTXO. Each int represents the index in this address array that will sign this transaction. The array must be sorted low to high.
Gantt SECP256K1 Transfer Input Specification
+-------------------------+-------------------------------------+
| type_id : int | 4 bytes |
+-----------------+-------+-------------------------------------+
| amount : long | 8 bytes |
+-----------------+-------+-------------------------------------+
| address_indices : []int | 4 + 4 * len(address_indices) bytes |
+-----------------+-------+-------------------------------------+
| 16 + 4 * len(address_indices) bytes |
+-------------------------------------+
Proto SECP256K1 Transfer Input Specification
message SECP256K1TransferInput {
uint32 typeID = 1; // 04 bytes
uint64 amount = 2; // 08 bytes
repeated uint32 address_indices = 3; // 04 bytes + 04 bytes * len(address_indices)
}
SECP256K1 Transfer Input Example
Let’s make a payment input with:
TypeId:5Amount:123456789AddressIndices: [3,7]
[
TypeID <- 0x00000005
Amount <- 123456789 = 0x00000000075bcd15,
AddressIndices <- [0x00000003, 0x00000007]
]
=
[
// type id:
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x05,
// amount:
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x07, 0x5b, 0xcd, 0x15,
// length:
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02,
// sig[0]
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03,
// sig[1]
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x07,
]
Operations
Operations have three possible types: SECP256K1MintOperation, NFTMintOp, and NFTTransferOp.
SECP256K1 Mint Operation
A secp256k1 mint operation consumes a SECP256K1 mint output, creates a new mint output and sends a transfer output to a new set of owners.
What SECP256K1 Mint Operation Contains
A secp256k1 Mint operation contains a TypeID, AddressIndices, MintOutput, and TransferOutput.
TypeIDis the ID for this output type. It is0x00000008.AddressIndicesis a list of unique ints that define the private keys that are being used to spend the UTXO. Each UTXO has an array of addresses that can spend the UTXO. Each int represents the index in this address array that will sign this transaction. The array must be sorted low to high.MintOutputis a SECP256K1 Mint output.TransferOutputis a SECP256K1 Transfer output.
Gantt SECP256K1 Mint Operation Specification
+----------------------------------+------------------------------------+
| type_id : int | 4 bytes |
+----------------------------------+------------------------------------+
| address_indices : []int | 4 + 4 * len(address_indices) bytes |
+----------------------------------+------------------------------------+
| mint_output : MintOutput | size(mint_output) bytes |
+----------------------------------+------------------------------------+
| transfer_output : TransferOutput | size(transfer_output) bytes |
+----------------------------------+------------------------------------+
| 8 + 4 * len(address_indices) |
| + size(mint_output) |
| + size(transfer_output) bytes |
+------------------------------------+
Proto SECP256K1 Mint Operation Specification
message SECP256K1MintOperation {
uint32 typeID = 1; // 4 bytes
repeated uint32 address_indices = 2; // 04 bytes + 04 bytes * len(address_indices)
MintOutput mint_output = 3; // size(mint_output
TransferOutput transfer_output = 4; // size(transfer_output)
}
SECP256K1 Mint Operation Example
Let’s make a secp256k1 mint operation with:
TypeId:8AddressIndices:0x000000030x00000007MintOutput:"Example SECP256K1 Mint Output from above"TransferOutput:"Example SECP256K1 Transfer Output from above"
[
TypeID <- 0x00000008
AddressIndices <- [0x00000003, 0x00000007]
MintOutput <- 0x00000006000000000000d431000000010000000251025c61fbcfc078f69334f834be6dd26d55a955c3344128e060128ede3523a24a461c89
TransferOutput <- 0x000000070000000000003039000000000000d431000000010000000251025c61fbcfc078f69334f834be6dd26d55a955c3344128e060128ede3523a24a461c8943ab0859
]
=
[
// typeID
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x08,
// number of address_indices:
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02,
// address_indices[0]:
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03,
// address_indices[1]:
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x07,
// mint output
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x06, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0xd4, 0x31, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x51, 0x02, 0x5c, 0x61,
0xfb, 0xcf, 0xc0, 0x78, 0xf6, 0x93, 0x34, 0xf8,
0x34, 0xbe, 0x6d, 0xd2, 0x6d, 0x55, 0xa9, 0x55,
0xc3, 0x34, 0x41, 0x28, 0xe0, 0x60, 0x12, 0x8e,
0xde, 0x35, 0x23, 0xa2, 0x4a, 0x46, 0x1c, 0x89,
0x43, 0xab, 0x08, 0x59,
// transfer output
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x07, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x30, 0x39, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0xd4, 0x31, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x51, 0x02, 0x5c, 0x61,
0xfb, 0xcf, 0xc0, 0x78, 0xf6, 0x93, 0x34, 0xf8,
0x34, 0xbe, 0x6d, 0xd2, 0x6d, 0x55, 0xa9, 0x55,
0xc3, 0x34, 0x41, 0x28, 0xe0, 0x60, 0x12, 0x8e,
0xde, 0x35, 0x23, 0xa2, 0x4a, 0x46, 0x1c, 0x89,
0x43, 0xab, 0x08, 0x59,
]
NFT Mint Op
An NFT mint operation consumes an NFT mint output and sends an unspent output to a new set of owners.
What NFT Mint Op Contains
An NFT mint operation contains a TypeID, AddressIndices, GroupID, Payload, and Output of addresses.
TypeIDis the ID for this operation type. It is0x0000000c.AddressIndicesis a list of unique ints that define the private keys that are being used to spend the UTXO. Each UTXO has an array of addresses that can spend the UTXO. Each int represents the index in this address array that will sign this transaction. The array must be sorted low to high.GroupIDis an int that specifies the group this NFT is issued to.Payloadis an arbitrary string of bytes no longer than 1024 bytes.Outputis not aTransferableOutput, but rather is a locktime, threshold, and an array of unique addresses that correspond to the private keys that can be used to spend this output. Addresses must be sorted lexicographically.
Gantt NFT Mint Op Specification
+------------------------------+------------------------------------+
| type_id : int | 4 bytes |
+-----------------+------------+------------------------------------+
| address_indices : []int | 4 + 4 * len(address_indices) bytes |
+-----------------+------------+------------------------------------+
| group_id : int | 4 bytes |
+-----------------+------------+------------------------------------+
| payload : []byte | 4 + len(payload) bytes |
+-----------------+------------+------------------------------------+
| outputs : []Output | 4 + size(outputs) bytes |
+-----------------+------------+------------------------------------+
| 20 + |
| 4 * len(address_indices) + |
| len(payload) + |
| size(outputs) bytes |
+------------------------------------+
Proto NFT Mint Op Specification
message NFTMintOp {
uint32 typeID = 1; // 04 bytes
repeated uint32 address_indices = 2; // 04 bytes + 04 bytes * len(address_indices)
uint32 group_id = 3; // 04 bytes
bytes payload = 4; // 04 bytes + len(payload)
repeated bytes outputs = 5; // 04 bytes + size(outputs)
}
NFT Mint Op Example
Let’s make an NFT mint operation with:
TypeId:12AddressIndices:0x000000030x00000007
GroupID:12345Payload:0x431100Locktime:54321Threshold:1Addresses:0xc3344128e060128ede3523a24a461c8943ab0859
[
TypeID <- 0x0000000c
AddressIndices <- [
0x00000003,
0x00000007,
]
GroupID <- 0x00003039
Payload <- 0x431100
Locktime <- 0x000000000000d431
Threshold <- 0x00000001
Addresses <- [
0xc3344128e060128ede3523a24a461c8943ab0859
]
]
=
[
// Type ID
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0c,
// number of address indices:
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02,
// address index 0:
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03,
// address index 1:
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x07,
// groupID:
0x00, 0x00, 0x30, 0x39,
// length of payload:
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03,
// payload:
0x43, 0x11, 0x00,
// number of outputs:
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01,
// outputs[0]
// locktime:
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xd4, 0x31,
// threshold:
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01,
// number of addresses:
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01,
// addrs[0]:
0xc3, 0x34, 0x41, 0x28, 0xe0, 0x60, 0x12, 0x8e,
0xde, 0x35, 0x23, 0xa2, 0x4a, 0x46, 0x1c, 0x89,
0x43, 0xab, 0x08, 0x59,
]
NFT Transfer Op
An NFT transfer operation sends an unspent NFT transfer output to a new set of owners.
What NFT Transfer Op Contains
An NFT transfer operation contains a TypeID, AddressIndices and an untyped NFTTransferOutput.
TypeIDis the ID for this output type. It is0x0000000d.AddressIndicesis a list of unique ints that define the private keys that are being used to spend the UTXO. Each UTXO has an array of addresses that can spend the UTXO. Each int represents the index in this address array that will sign this transaction. The array must be sorted low to high.NFTTransferOutputis the output of this operation and must be an NFT Transfer Output. This output doesn’t have theTypeId, because the type is known by the context of being in this operation.
Gantt NFT Transfer Op Specification
+------------------------------+------------------------------------+
| type_id : int | 4 bytes |
+-----------------+------------+------------------------------------+
| address_indices : []int | 4 + 4 * len(address_indices) bytes |
+-----------------+------------+------------------------------------+
| group_id : int | 4 bytes |
+-----------------+------------+------------------------------------+
| payload : []byte | 4 + len(payload) bytes |
+-----------------+------------+------------------------------------+
| locktime : long | 8 bytes |
+-----------+------------+------------------------------------------+
| threshold : int | 4 bytes |
+-----------------+------------+------------------------------------+
| addresses : [][20]byte | 4 + 20 * len(addresses) bytes |
+-----------------+------------+------------------------------------+
| 36 + len(payload) |
| + 4 * len(address_indices) |
| + 20 * len(addresses) bytes |
+------------------------------------+
Proto NFT Transfer Op Specification
message NFTTransferOp {
uint32 typeID = 1; // 04 bytes
repeated uint32 address_indices = 2; // 04 bytes + 04 bytes * len(address_indices)
uint32 group_id = 3; // 04 bytes
bytes payload = 4; // 04 bytes + len(payload)
uint64 locktime = 5; // 08 bytes
uint32 threshold = 6; // 04 bytes
repeated bytes addresses = 7; // 04 bytes + 20 bytes * len(addresses)
}
NFT Transfer Op Example
Let’s make an NFT transfer operation with:
TypeID:13AddressIndices:0x000000070x00000003GroupID:12345Payload:0x431100Locktime:54321Threshold:1Addresses:0xc3344128e060128ede3523a24a461c8943ab08590x51025c61fbcfc078f69334f834be6dd26d55a955
[
TypeID <- 0x0000000d
AddressIndices <- [
0x00000007,
0x00000003,
]
GroupID <- 0x00003039
Payload <- 0x431100
Locktime <- 0x000000000000d431
Threshold <- 00000001
Addresses <- [
0x51025c61fbcfc078f69334f834be6dd26d55a955,
0xc3344128e060128ede3523a24a461c8943ab0859,
]
]
=
[
// Type ID
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0d,
// number of address indices:
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02,
// address index 0:
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x07,
// address index 1:
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03,
// groupID:
0x00, 0x00, 0x30, 0x39,
// length of payload:
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03,
// payload:
0x43, 0x11, 0x00,
// locktime:
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xd4, 0x31,
// threshold:
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01,
// number of addresses:
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02,
// addrs[0]:
0x51, 0x02, 0x5c, 0x61, 0xfb, 0xcf, 0xc0, 0x78,
0xf6, 0x93, 0x34, 0xf8, 0x34, 0xbe, 0x6d, 0xd2,
0x6d, 0x55, 0xa9, 0x55,
// addrs[1]:
0xc3, 0x34, 0x41, 0x28, 0xe0, 0x60, 0x12, 0x8e,
0xde, 0x35, 0x23, 0xa2, 0x4a, 0x46, 0x1c, 0x89,
0x43, 0xab, 0x08, 0x59,
]
Initial State
Initial state describes the initial state of an asset when it is created. It contains the ID of the feature extension that the asset uses, and a variable length array of outputs that denote the genesis UTXO set of the asset.
What Initial State Contains
Initial state contains a FxID and an array of Output.
FxIDis an int that defines which feature extension this state is part of. For SECP256K1 assets, this is0x00000000. For NFT assets, this is0x00000001.Outputsis a variable length array of outputs, as defined above.
Gantt Initial State Specification
+---------------+----------+-------------------------------+
| fx_id : int | 4 bytes |
+---------------+----------+-------------------------------+
| outputs : []Output | 4 + size(outputs) bytes |
+---------------+----------+-------------------------------+
| 8 + size(outputs) bytes |
+-------------------------------+
Proto Initial State Specification
message InitialState {
uint32 fx_id = 1; // 04 bytes
repeated Output outputs = 2; // 04 + size(outputs) bytes
}
Initial State Example
Let’s make an initial state:
FxID:0x00000000InitialState:["Example SECP256K1 Transfer Output from above"]
[
FxID <- 0x00000000
InitialState <- [
0x000000070000000000003039000000000000d431000000010000000251025c61fbcfc078f69334f834be6dd26d55a955c3344128e060128ede3523a24a461c8943ab0859,
]
]
=
[
// fxID:
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
// num outputs:
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01,
// output:
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x07, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x30, 0x39, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0xd4, 0x31, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x51, 0x02, 0x5c, 0x61,
0xfb, 0xcf, 0xc0, 0x78, 0xf6, 0x93, 0x34, 0xf8,
0x34, 0xbe, 0x6d, 0xd2, 0x6d, 0x55, 0xa9, 0x55,
0xc3, 0x34, 0x41, 0x28, 0xe0, 0x60, 0x12, 0x8e,
0xde, 0x35, 0x23, 0xa2, 0x4a, 0x46, 0x1c, 0x89,
0x43, 0xab, 0x08, 0x59,
]
Credentials
Credentials have two possible types: SECP256K1Credential, and NFTCredential. Each credential is paired with an Input or Operation. The order of the credentials match the order of the inputs or operations.
SECP256K1 Credential
A secp256k1 credential contains a list of 65-byte recoverable signatures.
What SECP256K1 Credential Contains
TypeIDis the ID for this type. It is0x00000009.Signaturesis an array of 65-byte recoverable signatures. The order of the signatures must match the input’s signature indices.
Gantt SECP256K1 Credential Specification
+------------------------------+---------------------------------+
| type_id : int | 4 bytes |
+-----------------+------------+---------------------------------+
| signatures : [][65]byte | 4 + 65 * len(signatures) bytes |
+-----------------+------------+---------------------------------+
| 8 + 65 * len(signatures) bytes |
+---------------------------------+
Proto SECP256K1 Credential Specification
message SECP256K1Credential {
uint32 typeID = 1; // 4 bytes
repeated bytes signatures = 2; // 4 bytes + 65 bytes * len(signatures)
}
SECP256K1 Credential Example
Let’s make a payment input with:
TypeID:9signatures:0x000102030405060708090a0b0c0d0e0f101112131415161718191a1b1c1e1d1f202122232425262728292a2b2c2e2d2f303132333435363738393a3b3c3d3e3f000x404142434445464748494a4b4c4d4e4f505152535455565758595a5b5c5e5d5f606162636465666768696a6b6c6e6d6f707172737475767778797a7b7c7d7e7f00
[
TypeID <- 0x00000009
Signatures <- [
0x000102030405060708090a0b0c0d0e0f101112131415161718191a1b1c1e1d1f202122232425262728292a2b2c2e2d2f303132333435363738393a3b3c3d3e3f00,
0x404142434445464748494a4b4c4d4e4f505152535455565758595a5b5c5e5d5f606162636465666768696a6b6c6e6d6f707172737475767778797a7b7c7d7e7f00,
]
]
=
[
// Type ID
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x09,
// length:
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02,
// sig[0]
0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07,
0x08, 0x09, 0x0a, 0x0b, 0x0c, 0x0d, 0x0e, 0x0f,
0x10, 0x11, 0x12, 0x13, 0x14, 0x15, 0x16, 0x17,
0x18, 0x19, 0x1a, 0x1b, 0x1c, 0x1e, 0x1d, 0x1f,
0x20, 0x21, 0x22, 0x23, 0x24, 0x25, 0x26, 0x27,
0x28, 0x29, 0x2a, 0x2b, 0x2c, 0x2e, 0x2d, 0x2f,
0x30, 0x31, 0x32, 0x33, 0x34, 0x35, 0x36, 0x37,
0x38, 0x39, 0x3a, 0x3b, 0x3c, 0x3d, 0x3e, 0x3f,
0x00,
// sig[1]
0x40, 0x41, 0x42, 0x43, 0x44, 0x45, 0x46, 0x47,
0x48, 0x49, 0x4a, 0x4b, 0x4c, 0x4d, 0x4e, 0x4f,
0x50, 0x51, 0x52, 0x53, 0x54, 0x55, 0x56, 0x57,
0x58, 0x59, 0x5a, 0x5b, 0x5c, 0x5e, 0x5d, 0x5f,
0x60, 0x61, 0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66, 0x67,
0x68, 0x69, 0x6a, 0x6b, 0x6c, 0x6e, 0x6d, 0x6f,
0x70, 0x71, 0x72, 0x73, 0x74, 0x75, 0x76, 0x77,
0x78, 0x79, 0x7a, 0x7b, 0x7c, 0x7d, 0x7e, 0x7f,
0x00,
]
NFT Credential
An NFT credential is the same as an secp256k1 credential with a different TypeID. The TypeID for an NFT credential is 0x0000000e.
Unsigned Transactions
Unsigned transactions contain the full content of a transaction with only the signatures missing. Unsigned transactions have four possible types: CreateAssetTx, OperationTx, ImportTx, and ExportTx. They all embed BaseTx, which contains common fields and operations.
What Base Tx Contains
A base tx contains a TypeID, NetworkID, BlockchainID, Outputs, Inputs, and Memo.
TypeIDis the ID for this type. It is0x00000000.NetworkIDis an int that defines which network this transaction is meant to be issued to. This value is meant to support transaction routing and is not designed for replay attack prevention.BlockchainIDis a 32-byte array that defines which blockchain this transaction was issued to. This is used for replay attack prevention for transactions that could potentially be valid across network or blockchain.Outputsis an array of transferable output objects. Outputs must be sorted lexicographically by their serialized representation. The total quantity of the assets created in these outputs must be less than or equal to the total quantity of each asset consumed in the inputs minus the transaction fee.Inputsis an array of transferable input objects. Inputs must be sorted and unique. Inputs are sorted first lexicographically by theirTxIDand then by theUTXOIndexfrom low to high. If there are inputs that have the sameTxIDandUTXOIndex, then the transaction is invalid as this would result in a double spend.MemoMemo field contains arbitrary bytes, up to 256 bytes.
Gantt Base Tx Specification
+--------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------+
| type_id : int | 4 bytes |
+---------------+----------------------+-----------------------------------------+
| network_id : int | 4 bytes |
+---------------+----------------------+-----------------------------------------+
| blockchain_id : [32]byte | 32 bytes |
+---------------+----------------------+-----------------------------------------+
| outputs : []TransferableOutput | 4 + size(outputs) bytes |
+---------------+----------------------+-----------------------------------------+
| inputs : []TransferableInput | 4 + size(inputs) bytes |
+---------------+----------------------+-----------------------------------------+
| memo : [256]byte | 4 + size(memo) bytes |
+---------------+----------------------+-----------------------------------------+
| 52 + size(outputs) + size(inputs) + size(memo) bytes |
+------------------------------------------------------+
Proto Base Tx Specification
message BaseTx {
uint32 typeID = 1; // 04 bytes
uint32 network_id = 2; // 04 bytes
bytes blockchain_id = 3; // 32 bytes
repeated Output outputs = 4; // 04 bytes + size(outs)
repeated Input inputs = 5; // 04 bytes + size(ins)
bytes memo = 6; // 04 bytes + size(memo)
}
Base Tx Example
Let’s make an base tx that uses the inputs and outputs from the previous examples:
TypeID:0NetworkID:4BlockchainID:0xffffffffeeeeeeeeddddddddcccccccbbbbbbbbaaaaaaaa9999999988888888Outputs:"Example Transferable Output as defined above"
Inputs:"Example Transferable Input as defined above"
Memo:0x00010203
[
TypeID <- 0x00000000
NetworkID <- 0x00000004
BlockchainID <- 0xffffffffeeeeeeeeddddddddcccccccbbbbbbbbaaaaaaaa9999999988888888
Outputs <- [
0x000102030405060708090a0b0c0d0e0f101112131415161718191a1b1c1d1e1f000000070000000000003039000000000000d431000000010000000251025c61fbcfc078f69334f834be6dd26d55a955c3344128e060128ede3523a24a461c8943ab0859
]
Inputs <- [
0xf1e1d1c1b1a191817161514131211101f0e0d0c0b0a09080706050403020100000000005000102030405060708090a0b0c0d0e0f101112131415161718191a1b1c1d1e1f0000000500000000075bcd15000000020000000700000003
]
Memo <- 0x00010203
]
=
[
// typeID
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
// networkID:
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04,
// blockchainID:
0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xee, 0xee, 0xee, 0xee,
0xdd, 0xdd, 0xdd, 0xdd, 0xcc, 0xcc, 0xcc, 0xcc,
0xbb, 0xbb, 0xbb, 0xbb, 0xaa, 0xaa, 0xaa, 0xaa,
0x99, 0x99, 0x99, 0x99, 0x88, 0x88, 0x88, 0x88,
// number of outputs:
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01,
// transferable output:
0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07,
0x08, 0x09, 0x0a, 0x0b, 0x0c, 0x0d, 0x0e, 0x0f,
0x10, 0x11, 0x12, 0x13, 0x14, 0x15, 0x16, 0x17,
0x18, 0x19, 0x1a, 0x1b, 0x1c, 0x1d, 0x1e, 0x1f,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x07, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x30, 0x39, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0xd4, 0x31, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x51, 0x02, 0x5c, 0x61,
0xfb, 0xcf, 0xc0, 0x78, 0xf6, 0x93, 0x34, 0xf8,
0x34, 0xbe, 0x6d, 0xd2, 0x6d, 0x55, 0xa9, 0x55,
0xc3, 0x34, 0x41, 0x28, 0xe0, 0x60, 0x12, 0x8e,
0xde, 0x35, 0x23, 0xa2, 0x4a, 0x46, 0x1c, 0x89,
0x43, 0xab, 0x08, 0x59,
// number of inputs:
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01,
// transferable input:
0xf1, 0xe1, 0xd1, 0xc1, 0xb1, 0xa1, 0x91, 0x81,
0x71, 0x61, 0x51, 0x41, 0x31, 0x21, 0x11, 0x01,
0xf0, 0xe0, 0xd0, 0xc0, 0xb0, 0xa0, 0x90, 0x80,
0x70, 0x60, 0x50, 0x40, 0x30, 0x20, 0x10, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03,
0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x08, 0x09, 0x0a, 0x0b,
0x0c, 0x0d, 0x0e, 0x0f, 0x10, 0x11, 0x12, 0x13,
0x14, 0x15, 0x16, 0x17, 0x18, 0x19, 0x1a, 0x1b,
0x1c, 0x1d, 0x1e, 0x1f, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x05,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x07, 0x5b, 0xcd, 0x15,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x07,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03,
// Memo length:
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04,
// Memo:
0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03,
]
What Unsigned Create Asset Tx Contains
An unsigned create asset tx contains a BaseTx, Name, Symbol, Denomination, and InitialStates. The TypeID is 0x00000001.
BaseTxNameis a human readable string that defines the name of the asset this transaction will create. The name is not guaranteed to be unique. The name must consist of only printable ASCII characters and must be no longer than 128 characters.Symbolis a human readable string that defines the symbol of the asset this transaction will create. The symbol is not guaranteed to be unique. The symbol must consist of only printable ASCII characters and must be no longer than 4 characters.Denominationis a byte that defines the divisibility of the asset this transaction will create. For example, the AVAX token is divisible into billionths. Therefore, the denomination of the AVAX token is 9. The denomination must be no more than 32.InitialStatesis a variable length array that defines the feature extensions this asset supports, and the initial state of those feature extensions.
Gantt Unsigned Create Asset Tx Specification
+----------------+----------------+--------------------------------------+
| base_tx : BaseTx | size(base_tx) bytes |
+----------------+----------------+--------------------------------------+
| name : string | 2 + len(name) bytes |
+----------------+----------------+--------------------------------------+
| symbol : string | 2 + len(symbol) bytes |
+----------------+----------------+--------------------------------------+
| denomination : byte | 1 bytes |
+----------------+----------------+--------------------------------------+
| initial_states : []InitialState | 4 + size(initial_states) bytes |
+----------------+----------------+--------------------------------------+
| size(base_tx) + size(initial_states) |
| + 9 + len(name) + len(symbol) bytes |
+--------------------------------------+
Proto Unsigned Create Asset Tx Specification
message CreateAssetTx {
BaseTx base_tx = 1; // size(base_tx)
string name = 2; // 2 bytes + len(name)
name symbol = 3; // 2 bytes + len(symbol)
uint8 denomination = 4; // 1 bytes
repeated InitialState initial_states = 5; // 4 bytes + size(initial_states)
}
Unsigned Create Asset Tx Example
Let’s make an unsigned base tx that uses the inputs and outputs from the previous examples:
BaseTx:"Example BaseTx as defined above with ID set to 1"Name:Volatility IndexSymbol:VIXDenomination:2InitialStates:"Example Initial State as defined above"
[
BaseTx <- 0x0000000100000004ffffffffeeeeeeeeddddddddccccccccbbbbbbbbaaaaaaaa999999998888888800000001000102030405060708090a0b0c0d0e0f101112131415161718191a1b1c1d1e1f000000070000000000003039000000000000d431000000010000000251025c61fbcfc078f69334f834be6dd26d55a955c3344128e060128ede3523a24a461c8943ab085900000001f1e1d1c1b1a191817161514131211101f0e0d0c0b0a09080706050403020100000000005000102030405060708090a0b0c0d0e0f101112131415161718191a1b1c1d1e1f0000000500000000075bcd150000000200000007000000030000000400010203
Name <- 0x0010566f6c6174696c69747920496e646578
Symbol <- 0x0003564958
Denomination <- 0x02
InitialStates <- [
0x0000000000000001000000070000000000003039000000000000d431000000010000000251025c61fbcfc078f69334f834be6dd26d55a955c3344128e060128ede3523a24a461c8943ab0859,
]
]
=
[
// base tx:
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04,
0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xee, 0xee, 0xee, 0xee,
0xdd, 0xdd, 0xdd, 0xdd,
0xcc, 0xcc, 0xcc, 0xcc, 0xbb, 0xbb, 0xbb, 0xbb,
0xaa, 0xaa, 0xaa, 0xaa, 0x99, 0x99, 0x99, 0x99,
0x88, 0x88, 0x88, 0x88, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01,
0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07,
0x08, 0x09, 0x0a, 0x0b, 0x0c, 0x0d, 0x0e, 0x0f,
0x10, 0x11, 0x12, 0x13, 0x14, 0x15, 0x16, 0x17,
0x18, 0x19, 0x1a, 0x1b, 0x1c, 0x1d, 0x1e, 0x1f,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x07, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x30, 0x39, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0xd4, 0x31, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x51, 0x02, 0x5c, 0x61,
0xfb, 0xcf, 0xc0, 0x78, 0xf6, 0x93, 0x34, 0xf8,
0x34, 0xbe, 0x6d, 0xd2, 0x6d, 0x55, 0xa9, 0x55,
0xc3, 0x34, 0x41, 0x28, 0xe0, 0x60, 0x12, 0x8e,
0xde, 0x35, 0x23, 0xa2, 0x4a, 0x46, 0x1c, 0x89,
0x43, 0xab, 0x08, 0x59, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01,
0xf1, 0xe1, 0xd1, 0xc1, 0xb1, 0xa1, 0x91, 0x81,
0x71, 0x61, 0x51, 0x41, 0x31, 0x21, 0x11, 0x01,
0xf0, 0xe0, 0xd0, 0xc0, 0xb0, 0xa0, 0x90, 0x80,
0x70, 0x60, 0x50, 0x40, 0x30, 0x20, 0x10, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03,
0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x08, 0x09, 0x0a, 0x0b,
0x0c, 0x0d, 0x0e, 0x0f, 0x10, 0x11, 0x12, 0x13,
0x14, 0x15, 0x16, 0x17, 0x18, 0x19, 0x1a, 0x1b,
0x1c, 0x1d, 0x1e, 0x1f, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x05,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x07, 0x5b, 0xcd, 0x15,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x07,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04,
0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03
// name:
0x00, 0x10, 0x56, 0x6f, 0x6c, 0x61, 0x74, 0x69,
0x6c, 0x69, 0x74, 0x79, 0x20, 0x49, 0x6e, 0x64,
0x65, 0x78,
// symbol length:
0x00, 0x03,
// symbol:
0x56, 0x49, 0x58,
// denomination:
0x02,
// number of InitialStates:
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01,
// InitialStates[0]:
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x07, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x30, 0x39, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0xd4, 0x31, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x51, 0x02, 0x5c, 0x61,
0xfb, 0xcf, 0xc0, 0x78, 0xf6, 0x93, 0x34, 0xf8,
0x34, 0xbe, 0x6d, 0xd2, 0x6d, 0x55, 0xa9, 0x55,
0xc3, 0x34, 0x41, 0x28, 0xe0, 0x60, 0x12, 0x8e,
0xde, 0x35, 0x23, 0xa2, 0x4a, 0x46, 0x1c, 0x89,
0x43, 0xab, 0x08, 0x59,
]
What Unsigned Operation Tx Contains
An unsigned operation tx contains a BaseTx, and Ops. The TypeID for this type is 0x00000002.
BaseTxOpsis a variable-length array of Transferable Ops.
Gantt Unsigned Operation Tx Specification
+---------+------------------+-------------------------------------+
| base_tx : BaseTx | size(base_tx) bytes |
+---------+------------------+-------------------------------------+
| ops : []TransferableOp | 4 + size(ops) bytes |
+---------+------------------+-------------------------------------+
| 4 + size(ops) + size(base_tx) bytes |
+-------------------------------------+
Proto Unsigned Operation Tx Specification
message OperationTx {
BaseTx base_tx = 1; // size(base_tx)
repeated TransferOp ops = 2; // 4 bytes + size(ops)
}
Unsigned Operation Tx Example
Let’s make an unsigned operation tx that uses the inputs and outputs from the previous examples:
BaseTx:"Example BaseTx above" with TypeID set to 2Ops: ["Example Transferable Op as defined above"]
[
BaseTx <- 0x0000000200000004ffffffffeeeeeeeeddddddddccccccccbbbbbbbbaaaaaaaa999999998888888800000001000102030405060708090a0b0c0d0e0f101112131415161718191a1b1c1d1e1f000000070000000000003039000000000000d431000000010000000251025c61fbcfc078f69334f834be6dd26d55a955c3344128e060128ede3523a24a461c8943ab085900000001f1e1d1c1b1a191817161514131211101f0e0d0c0b0a09080706050403020100000000005000102030405060708090a0b0c0d0e0f101112131415161718191a1b1c1d1e1f0000000500000000075bcd150000000200000007000000030000000400010203
Ops <- [
0x000102030405060708090a0b0c0d0e0f101112131415161718191a1b1c1d1e1f00000001f1e1d1c1b1a191817161514131211101f0e0d0c0b0a090807060504030201000000000050000000d0000000200000003000000070000303900000003431100000000010000000251025c61fbcfc078f69334f834be6dd26d55a955c3344128e060128ede3523a24a461c8943ab0859,
]
]
=
[
// base tx:
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
0xee, 0xee, 0xee, 0xee, 0xdd, 0xdd, 0xdd, 0xdd,
0xcc, 0xcc, 0xcc, 0xcc, 0xbb, 0xbb, 0xbb, 0xbb,
0xaa, 0xaa, 0xaa, 0xaa, 0x99, 0x99, 0x99, 0x99,
0x88, 0x88, 0x88, 0x88, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01,
0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07,
0x08, 0x09, 0x0a, 0x0b, 0x0c, 0x0d, 0x0e, 0x0f,
0x10, 0x11, 0x12, 0x13, 0x14, 0x15, 0x16, 0x17,
0x18, 0x19, 0x1a, 0x1b, 0x1c, 0x1d, 0x1e, 0x1f,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x07, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x30, 0x39, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0xd4, 0x31, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x51, 0x02, 0x5c, 0x61,
0xfb, 0xcf, 0xc0, 0x78, 0xf6, 0x93, 0x34, 0xf8,
0x34, 0xbe, 0x6d, 0xd2, 0x6d, 0x55, 0xa9, 0x55,
0xc3, 0x34, 0x41, 0x28, 0xe0, 0x60, 0x12, 0x8e,
0xde, 0x35, 0x23, 0xa2, 0x4a, 0x46, 0x1c, 0x89,
0x43, 0xab, 0x08, 0x59, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01,
0xf1, 0xe1, 0xd1, 0xc1, 0xb1, 0xa1, 0x91, 0x81,
0x71, 0x61, 0x51, 0x41, 0x31, 0x21, 0x11, 0x01,
0xf0, 0xe0, 0xd0, 0xc0, 0xb0, 0xa0, 0x90, 0x80,
0x70, 0x60, 0x50, 0x40, 0x30, 0x20, 0x10, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03,
0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x08, 0x09, 0x0a, 0x0b,
0x0c, 0x0d, 0x0e, 0x0f, 0x10, 0x11, 0x12, 0x13,
0x14, 0x15, 0x16, 0x17, 0x18, 0x19, 0x1a, 0x1b,
0x1c, 0x1d, 0x1e, 0x1f, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x05,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x07, 0x5b, 0xcd, 0x15,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x07,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04,
0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03
// number of operations:
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01,
// transfer operation:
0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07,
0x08, 0x09, 0x0a, 0x0b, 0x0c, 0x0d, 0x0e, 0x0f,
0x10, 0x11, 0x12, 0x13, 0x14, 0x15, 0x16, 0x17,
0x18, 0x19, 0x1a, 0x1b, 0x1c, 0x1d, 0x1e, 0x1f,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0xf1, 0xe1, 0xd1, 0xc1,
0xb1, 0xa1, 0x91, 0x81, 0x71, 0x61, 0x51, 0x41,
0x31, 0x21, 0x11, 0x01, 0xf0, 0xe0, 0xd0, 0xc0,
0xb0, 0xa0, 0x90, 0x80, 0x70, 0x60, 0x50, 0x40,
0x30, 0x20, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x05,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0d, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x07,
0x00, 0x00, 0x30, 0x39, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03,
0x43, 0x11, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x51, 0x02, 0x5c, 0x61, 0xfb,
0xcf, 0xc0, 0x78, 0xf6, 0x93, 0x34, 0xf8, 0x34,
0xbe, 0x6d, 0xd2, 0x6d, 0x55, 0xa9, 0x55, 0xc3,
0x34, 0x41, 0x28, 0xe0, 0x60, 0x12, 0x8e, 0xde,
0x35, 0x23, 0xa2, 0x4a, 0x46, 0x1c, 0x89, 0x43,
0xab, 0x08, 0x59,
]
What Unsigned Import Tx Contains
An unsigned import tx contains a BaseTx, SourceChain and Ins. * The TypeIDfor this type is 0x00000003.
BaseTxSourceChainis a 32-byte source blockchain ID.Insis a variable length array of Transferable Inputs.
Gantt Unsigned Import Tx Specification
+---------+----------------------+-----------------------------+
| base_tx : BaseTx | size(base_tx) bytes |
+-----------------+--------------+-----------------------------+
| source_chain : [32]byte | 32 bytes |
+---------+----------------------+-----------------------------+
| ins : []TransferIn | 4 + size(ins) bytes |
+---------+----------------------+-----------------------------+
| 36 + size(ins) + size(base_tx) bytes |
+--------------------------------------+
Proto Unsigned Import Tx Specification
message ImportTx {
BaseTx base_tx = 1; // size(base_tx)
bytes source_chain = 2; // 32 bytes
repeated TransferIn ins = 3; // 4 bytes + size(ins)
}
Unsigned Import Tx Example
Let’s make an unsigned import tx that uses the inputs from the previous examples:
BaseTx:"Example BaseTx as defined above", but withTypeIDset to3SourceChain:0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000Ins:"Example SECP256K1 Transfer Input as defined above"
[
BaseTx <- 0x0000000300000004ffffffffeeeeeeeeddddddddccccccccbbbbbbbbaaaaaaaa999999998888888800000001000102030405060708090a0b0c0d0e0f101112131415161718191a1b1c1d1e1f000000070000000000003039000000000000d431000000010000000251025c61fbcfc078f69334f834be6dd26d55a955c3344128e060128ede3523a24a461c8943ab085900000001f1e1d1c1b1a191817161514131211101f0e0d0c0b0a09080706050403020100000000005000102030405060708090a0b0c0d0e0f101112131415161718191a1b1c1d1e1f0000000500000000075bcd150000000200000007000000030000000400010203
SourceChain <- 0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
Ins <- [
f1e1d1c1b1a191817161514131211101f0e0d0c0b0a09080706050403020100000000005000102030405060708090a0b0c0d0e0f101112131415161718191a1b1c1d1e1f0000000500000000075bcd15000000020000000300000007,
]
]
=
[
// base tx:
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
0xee, 0xee, 0xee, 0xee, 0xdd, 0xdd, 0xdd, 0xdd,
0xcc, 0xcc, 0xcc, 0xcc, 0xbb, 0xbb, 0xbb, 0xbb,
0xaa, 0xaa, 0xaa, 0xaa, 0x99, 0x99, 0x99, 0x99,
0x88, 0x88, 0x88, 0x88, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01,
0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07,
0x08, 0x09, 0x0a, 0x0b, 0x0c, 0x0d, 0x0e, 0x0f,
0x10, 0x11, 0x12, 0x13, 0x14, 0x15, 0x16, 0x17,
0x18, 0x19, 0x1a, 0x1b, 0x1c, 0x1d, 0x1e, 0x1f,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x07, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x30, 0x39, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0xd4, 0x31, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x51, 0x02, 0x5c, 0x61,
0xfb, 0xcf, 0xc0, 0x78, 0xf6, 0x93, 0x34, 0xf8,
0x34, 0xbe, 0x6d, 0xd2, 0x6d, 0x55, 0xa9, 0x55,
0xc3, 0x34, 0x41, 0x28, 0xe0, 0x60, 0x12, 0x8e,
0xde, 0x35, 0x23, 0xa2, 0x4a, 0x46, 0x1c, 0x89,
0x43, 0xab, 0x08, 0x59, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01,
0xf1, 0xe1, 0xd1, 0xc1, 0xb1, 0xa1, 0x91, 0x81,
0x71, 0x61, 0x51, 0x41, 0x31, 0x21, 0x11, 0x01,
0xf0, 0xe0, 0xd0, 0xc0, 0xb0, 0xa0, 0x90, 0x80,
0x70, 0x60, 0x50, 0x40, 0x30, 0x20, 0x10, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03,
0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x08, 0x09, 0x0a, 0x0b,
0x0c, 0x0d, 0x0e, 0x0f, 0x10, 0x11, 0x12, 0x13,
0x14, 0x15, 0x16, 0x17, 0x18, 0x19, 0x1a, 0x1b,
0x1c, 0x1d, 0x1e, 0x1f, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x05,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x07, 0x5b, 0xcd, 0x15,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x07,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04,
0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03
// source chain:
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
// input count:
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01,
// txID:
0xf1, 0xe1, 0xd1, 0xc1, 0xb1, 0xa1, 0x91, 0x81,
0x71, 0x61, 0x51, 0x41, 0x31, 0x21, 0x11, 0x01,
0xf0, 0xe0, 0xd0, 0xc0, 0xb0, 0xa0, 0x90, 0x80,
0x70, 0x60, 0x50, 0x40, 0x30, 0x20, 0x10, 0x00,
// utxoIndex:
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x05,
// assetID:
0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07,
0x08, 0x09, 0x0a, 0x0b, 0x0c, 0x0d, 0x0e, 0x0f,
0x10, 0x11, 0x12, 0x13, 0x14, 0x15, 0x16, 0x17,
0x18, 0x19, 0x1a, 0x1b, 0x1c, 0x1d, 0x1e, 0x1f,
// input:
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x07, 0x5b, 0xcd, 0x15, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x07,
]
What Unsigned Export Tx Contains
An unsigned export tx contains a BaseTx, DestinationChain, and Outs. The TypeID for this type is 0x00000004.
DestinationChainis the 32 byte ID of the chain where the funds are being exported to.Outsis a variable length array of Transferable Outputs.
Gantt Unsigned Export Tx Specification
+-------------------+---------------+--------------------------------------+
| base_tx : BaseTx | size(base_tx) bytes |
+-------------------+---------------+--------------------------------------+
| destination_chain : [32]byte | 32 bytes |
+-------------------+---------------+--------------------------------------+
| outs : []TransferOut | 4 + size(outs) bytes |
+-------------------+---------------+--------------------------------------+
| 36 + size(outs) + size(base_tx) bytes |
+---------------------------------------+
Proto Unsigned Export Tx Specification
message ExportTx {
BaseTx base_tx = 1; // size(base_tx)
bytes destination_chain = 2; // 32 bytes
repeated TransferOut outs = 3; // 4 bytes + size(outs)
}
Unsigned Export Tx Example
Let’s make an unsigned export tx that uses the outputs from the previous examples:
BaseTx:"Example BaseTx as defined above", but withTypeIDset to4DestinationChain:0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000Outs:"Example SECP256K1 Transfer Output as defined above"
[
BaseTx <- 0x0000000400000004ffffffffeeeeeeeeddddddddccccccccbbbbbbbbaaaaaaaa999999998888888800000001000102030405060708090a0b0c0d0e0f101112131415161718191a1b1c1d1e1f000000070000000000003039000000000000d431000000010000000251025c61fbcfc078f69334f834be6dd26d55a955c3344128e060128ede3523a24a461c8943ab085900000001f1e1d1c1b1a191817161514131211101f0e0d0c0b0a09080706050403020100000000005000102030405060708090a0b0c0d0e0f101112131415161718191a1b1c1d1e1f0000000500000000075bcd150000000200000007000000030000000400010203
DestinationChain <- 0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
Outs <- [
000102030405060708090a0b0c0d0e0f101112131415161718191a1b1c1d1e1f000000070000000000003039000000000000d431000000010000000251025c61fbcfc078f69334f834be6dd26d55a955c3344128e060128ede3523a24a461c8943ab0859,
]
]
=
[
// base tx:
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
0xee, 0xee, 0xee, 0xee, 0xdd, 0xdd, 0xdd, 0xdd,
0xcc, 0xcc, 0xcc, 0xcc, 0xbb, 0xbb, 0xbb, 0xbb,
0xaa, 0xaa, 0xaa, 0xaa, 0x99, 0x99, 0x99, 0x99,
0x88, 0x88, 0x88, 0x88, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01,
0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07,
0x08, 0x09, 0x0a, 0x0b, 0x0c, 0x0d, 0x0e, 0x0f,
0x10, 0x11, 0x12, 0x13, 0x14, 0x15, 0x16, 0x17,
0x18, 0x19, 0x1a, 0x1b, 0x1c, 0x1d, 0x1e, 0x1f,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x07, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x30, 0x39, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0xd4, 0x31, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x51, 0x02, 0x5c, 0x61,
0xfb, 0xcf, 0xc0, 0x78, 0xf6, 0x93, 0x34, 0xf8,
0x34, 0xbe, 0x6d, 0xd2, 0x6d, 0x55, 0xa9, 0x55,
0xc3, 0x34, 0x41, 0x28, 0xe0, 0x60, 0x12, 0x8e,
0xde, 0x35, 0x23, 0xa2, 0x4a, 0x46, 0x1c, 0x89,
0x43, 0xab, 0x08, 0x59, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01,
0xf1, 0xe1, 0xd1, 0xc1, 0xb1, 0xa1, 0x91, 0x81,
0x71, 0x61, 0x51, 0x41, 0x31, 0x21, 0x11, 0x01,
0xf0, 0xe0, 0xd0, 0xc0, 0xb0, 0xa0, 0x90, 0x80,
0x70, 0x60, 0x50, 0x40, 0x30, 0x20, 0x10, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03,
0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x08, 0x09, 0x0a, 0x0b,
0x0c, 0x0d, 0x0e, 0x0f, 0x10, 0x11, 0x12, 0x13,
0x14, 0x15, 0x16, 0x17, 0x18, 0x19, 0x1a, 0x1b,
0x1c, 0x1d, 0x1e, 0x1f, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x05,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x07, 0x5b, 0xcd, 0x15,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x07,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04,
0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03
// destination_chain:
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
// outs[] count:
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01,
// assetID:
0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07,
0x08, 0x09, 0x0a, 0x0b, 0x0c, 0x0d, 0x0e, 0x0f,
0x10, 0x11, 0x12, 0x13, 0x14, 0x15, 0x16, 0x17,
0x18, 0x19, 0x1a, 0x1b, 0x1c, 0x1d, 0x1e, 0x1f,
// output:
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x07,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x30, 0x39,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xd4, 0x31,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02,
0x51, 0x02, 0x5c, 0x61, 0xfb, 0xcf, 0xc0, 0x78,
0xf6, 0x93, 0x34, 0xf8, 0x34, 0xbe, 0x6d, 0xd2,
0x6d, 0x55, 0xa9, 0x55, 0xc3, 0x34, 0x41, 0x28,
0xe0, 0x60, 0x12, 0x8e, 0xde, 0x35, 0x23, 0xa2,
0x4a, 0x46, 0x1c, 0x89, 0x43, 0xab, 0x08, 0x59,
]
Signed Transaction
A signed transaction is an unsigned transaction with the addition of an array of credentials.
What Signed Transaction Contains
A signed transaction contains a CodecID, UnsignedTx, and Credentials.
CodecIDThe only current valid codec id is00 00.UnsignedTxis an unsigned transaction, as described above.Credentialsis an array of credentials. Each credential will be paired with the input in the same index at this credential.
Gantt Signed Transaction Specification
+---------------------+--------------+------------------------------------------------+
| codec_id : uint16 | 2 bytes |
+---------------------+--------------+------------------------------------------------+
| unsigned_tx : UnsignedTx | size(unsigned_tx) bytes |
+---------------------+--------------+------------------------------------------------+
| credentials : []Credential | 4 + size(credentials) bytes |
+---------------------+--------------+------------------------------------------------+
| 6 + size(unsigned_tx) + len(credentials) bytes |
+------------------------------------------------+
Proto Signed Transaction Specification
message Tx {
uint16 codec_id = 1; // 2 bytes
UnsignedTx unsigned_tx = 2; // size(unsigned_tx)
repeated Credential credentials = 3; // 4 bytes + size(credentials)
}
Signed Transaction Example
Let’s make a signed transaction that uses the unsigned transaction and credentials from the previous examples.
CodecID:0UnsignedTx: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
[
CodecID <- 0x0000
UnsignedTx <- 0x0000000100000004ffffffffeeeeeeeeddddddddccccccccbbbbbbbbaaaaaaaa999999998888888800000001000102030405060708090a0b0c0d0e0f101112131415161718191a1b1c1d1e1f000000070000000000003039000000000000d431000000010000000251025c61fbcfc078f69334f834be6dd26d55a955c3344128e060128ede3523a24a461c8943ab085900000001f1e1d1c1b1a191817161514131211101f0e0d0c0b0a09080706050403020100000000005000102030405060708090a0b0c0d0e0f101112131415161718191a1b1c1d1e1f0000000500000000075bcd150000000200000007000000030000000400010203
Credentials <- [
0x0000000900000002000102030405060708090a0b0c0d0e0f101112131415161718191a1b1c1e1d1f202122232425262728292a2b2c2e2d2f303132333435363738393a3b3c3d3e3f00404142434445464748494a4b4c4d4e4f505152535455565758595a5b5c5e5d5f606162636465666768696a6b6c6e6d6f707172737475767778797a7b7c7d7e7f00,
]
]
=
[
// Codec ID
0x00, 0x00,
// unsigned transaction:
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04,
0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xee, 0xee, 0xee, 0xee,
0xdd, 0xdd, 0xdd, 0xdd, 0xcc, 0xcc, 0xcc, 0xcc,
0xbb, 0xbb, 0xbb, 0xbb, 0xaa, 0xaa, 0xaa, 0xaa,
0x99, 0x99, 0x99, 0x99, 0x88, 0x88, 0x88, 0x88,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03,
0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x08, 0x09, 0x0a, 0x0b,
0x0c, 0x0d, 0x0e, 0x0f, 0x10, 0x11, 0x12, 0x13,
0x14, 0x15, 0x16, 0x17, 0x18, 0x19, 0x1a, 0x1b,
0x1c, 0x1d, 0x1e, 0x1f, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x07,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x30, 0x39,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xd4, 0x31,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02,
0x51, 0x02, 0x5c, 0x61, 0xfb, 0xcf, 0xc0, 0x78,
0xf6, 0x93, 0x34, 0xf8, 0x34, 0xbe, 0x6d, 0xd2,
0x6d, 0x55, 0xa9, 0x55, 0xc3, 0x34, 0x41, 0x28,
0xe0, 0x60, 0x12, 0x8e, 0xde, 0x35, 0x23, 0xa2,
0x4a, 0x46, 0x1c, 0x89, 0x43, 0xab, 0x08, 0x59,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0xf1, 0xe1, 0xd1, 0xc1,
0xb1, 0xa1, 0x91, 0x81, 0x71, 0x61, 0x51, 0x41,
0x31, 0x21, 0x11, 0x01, 0xf0, 0xe0, 0xd0, 0xc0,
0xb0, 0xa0, 0x90, 0x80, 0x70, 0x60, 0x50, 0x40,
0x30, 0x20, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x05,
0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07,
0x08, 0x09, 0x0a, 0x0b, 0x0c, 0x0d, 0x0e, 0x0f,
0x10, 0x11, 0x12, 0x13, 0x14, 0x15, 0x16, 0x17,
0x18, 0x19, 0x1a, 0x1b, 0x1c, 0x1d, 0x1e, 0x1f,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x07, 0x5b, 0xcd, 0x15, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x07, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03
// number of credentials:
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01,
// credential[0]:
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x09, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02,
0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07,
0x08, 0x09, 0x0a, 0x0b, 0x0c, 0x0d, 0x0e, 0x0f,
0x10, 0x11, 0x12, 0x13, 0x14, 0x15, 0x16, 0x17,
0x18, 0x19, 0x1a, 0x1b, 0x1c, 0x1e, 0x1d, 0x1f,
0x20, 0x21, 0x22, 0x23, 0x24, 0x25, 0x26, 0x27,
0x28, 0x29, 0x2a, 0x2b, 0x2c, 0x2e, 0x2d, 0x2f,
0x30, 0x31, 0x32, 0x33, 0x34, 0x35, 0x36, 0x37,
0x38, 0x39, 0x3a, 0x3b, 0x3c, 0x3d, 0x3e, 0x3f,
0x00, 0x40, 0x41, 0x42, 0x43, 0x44, 0x45, 0x46,
0x47, 0x48, 0x49, 0x4a, 0x4b, 0x4c, 0x4d, 0x4e,
0x4f, 0x50, 0x51, 0x52, 0x53, 0x54, 0x55, 0x56,
0x57, 0x58, 0x59, 0x5a, 0x5b, 0x5c, 0x5e, 0x5d,
0x5f, 0x60, 0x61, 0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66,
0x67, 0x68, 0x69, 0x6a, 0x6b, 0x6c, 0x6e, 0x6d,
0x6f, 0x70, 0x71, 0x72, 0x73, 0x74, 0x75, 0x76,
0x77, 0x78, 0x79, 0x7a, 0x7b, 0x7c, 0x7d, 0x7e,
0x7f, 0x00,
UTXO
A UTXO is a standalone representation of a transaction output.
What UTXO Contains
A UTXO contains a CodecID, TxID, UTXOIndex, AssetID, and Output.
CodecIDThe only validCodecIDis00 00TxIDis a 32-byte transaction ID. Transaction IDs are calculated by taking sha256 of the bytes of the signed transaction.UTXOIndexis an int that specifies which output in the transaction specified byTxIDthat this utxo was created by.AssetIDis a 32-byte array that defines which asset this utxo references.Outputis the output object that created this utxo. The serialization of Outputs was defined above.
Gantt UTXO Specification
+--------------+----------+-------------------------+
| codec_id : uint16 | 2 bytes |
+--------------+----------+-------------------------+
| tx_id : [32]byte | 32 bytes |
+--------------+----------+-------------------------+
| output_index : int | 4 bytes |
+--------------+----------+-------------------------+
| asset_id : [32]byte | 32 bytes |
+--------------+----------+-------------------------+
| output : Output | size(output) bytes |
+--------------+----------+-------------------------+
| 70 + size(output) bytes |
+-------------------------+
Proto UTXO Specification
message Utxo {
uint16 codec_id = 1; // 02 bytes
bytes tx_id = 2; // 32 bytes
uint32 output_index = 3; // 04 bytes
bytes asset_id = 4; // 32 bytes
Output output = 5; // size(output)
}
UTXO Example
Let’s make a UTXO from the signed transaction created above:
CodecID:0TxID:0xf966750f438867c3c9828ddcdbe660e21ccdbb36a9276958f011ba472f75d4e7UTXOIndex:0=0x00000000AssetID:0x000102030405060708090a0b0c0d0e0f101112131415161718191a1b1c1d1e1fOutput:"Example SECP256K1 Transferable Output as defined above"
[
CodecID <- 0x0000
TxID <- 0xf966750f438867c3c9828ddcdbe660e21ccdbb36a9276958f011ba472f75d4e7
UTXOIndex <- 0x00000000
AssetID <- 0x000102030405060708090a0b0c0d0e0f101112131415161718191a1b1c1d1e1f
Output <- 0x000000070000000000003039000000000000d431000000010000000251025c61fbcfc078f69334f834be6dd26d55a955c3344128e060128ede3523a24a461c8943ab0859
]
=
[
// Codec ID:
0x00, 0x00,
// txID:
0xf9, 0x66, 0x75, 0x0f, 0x43, 0x88, 0x67, 0xc3,
0xc9, 0x82, 0x8d, 0xdc, 0xdb, 0xe6, 0x60, 0xe2,
0x1c, 0xcd, 0xbb, 0x36, 0xa9, 0x27, 0x69, 0x58,
0xf0, 0x11, 0xba, 0x47, 0x2f, 0x75, 0xd4, 0xe7,
// utxo index:
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
// assetID:
0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07,
0x08, 0x09, 0x0a, 0x0b, 0x0c, 0x0d, 0x0e, 0x0f,
0x10, 0x11, 0x12, 0x13, 0x14, 0x15, 0x16, 0x17,
0x18, 0x19, 0x1a, 0x1b, 0x1c, 0x1d, 0x1e, 0x1f,
// output:
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x07, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x30, 0x39, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0xd4, 0x31, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03,
0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x08, 0x09, 0x0a, 0x0b,
0x0c, 0x0d, 0x0e, 0x0f, 0x10, 0x11, 0x12, 0x13,
0x14, 0x15, 0x16, 0x17, 0x18, 0x19, 0x1a, 0x1b,
0x1c, 0x1d, 0x1e, 0x1f, 0x20, 0x21, 0x22, 0x23,
0x24, 0x25, 0x26, 0x27,
]
GenesisAsset
An asset to be issued in an instance of the AVM's Genesis
What GenesisAsset Contains
An instance of a GenesisAsset contains an Alias, NetworkID, BlockchainID, Outputs, Inputs, Memo, Name, Symbol, Denomination, and InitialStates.
Aliasis the alias for this asset.NetworkIDdefines which network this transaction is meant to be issued to. This value is meant to support transaction routing and is not designed for replay attack prevention.BlockchainIDis the ID (32-byte array) that defines which blockchain this transaction was issued to. This is used for replay attack prevention for transactions that could potentially be valid across network or blockchain.Outputsis an array of transferable output objects. Outputs must be sorted lexicographically by their serialized representation. The total quantity of the assets created in these outputs must be less than or equal to the total quantity of each asset consumed in the inputs minus the transaction fee.Inputsis an array of transferable input objects. Inputs must be sorted and unique. Inputs are sorted first lexicographically by theirTxIDand then by theUTXOIndexfrom low to high. If there are inputs that have the sameTxIDandUTXOIndex, then the transaction is invalid as this would result in a double spend.Memois a memo field that contains arbitrary bytes, up to 256 bytes.Nameis a human readable string that defines the name of the asset this transaction will create. The name is not guaranteed to be unique. The name must consist of only printable ASCII characters and must be no longer than 128 characters.Symbolis a human readable string that defines the symbol of the asset this transaction will create. The symbol is not guaranteed to be unique. The symbol must consist of only printable ASCII characters and must be no longer than 4 characters.Denominationis a byte that defines the divisibility of the asset this transaction will create. For example, the AVAX token is divisible into billionths. Therefore, the denomination of the AVAX token is 9. The denomination must be no more than 32.InitialStatesis a variable length array that defines the feature extensions this asset supports, and the initial state of those feature extensions.
Gantt GenesisAsset Specification
+----------------+----------------------+--------------------------------+
| alias : string | 2 + len(alias) bytes |
+----------------+----------------------+--------------------------------+
| network_id : int | 4 bytes |
+----------------+----------------------+--------------------------------+
| blockchain_id : [32]byte | 32 bytes |
+----------------+----------------------+--------------------------------+
| outputs : []TransferableOutput | 4 + size(outputs) bytes |
+----------------+----------------------+--------------------------------+
| inputs : []TransferableInput | 4 + size(inputs) bytes |
+----------------+----------------------+--------------------------------+
| memo : [256]byte | 4 + size(memo) bytes |
+----------------+----------------------+--------------------------------+
| name : string | 2 + len(name) bytes |
+----------------+----------------------+--------------------------------+
| symbol : string | 2 + len(symbol) bytes |
+----------------+----------------------+--------------------------------+
| denomination : byte | 1 bytes |
+----------------+----------------------+--------------------------------+
| initial_states : []InitialState | 4 + size(initial_states) bytes |
+----------------+----------------------+--------------------------------+
| 59 + size(alias) + size(outputs) + size(inputs) + size(memo) |
| + len(name) + len(symbol) + size(initial_states) bytes |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
Proto GenesisAsset Specification
message GenesisAsset {
string alias = 1; // 2 bytes + len(alias)
uint32 network_id = 2; // 04 bytes
bytes blockchain_id = 3; // 32 bytes
repeated Output outputs = 4; // 04 bytes + size(outputs)
repeated Input inputs = 5; // 04 bytes + size(inputs)
bytes memo = 6; // 04 bytes + size(memo)
string name = 7; // 2 bytes + len(name)
name symbol = 8; // 2 bytes + len(symbol)
uint8 denomination = 9; // 1 bytes
repeated InitialState initial_states = 10; // 4 bytes + size(initial_states)
}
GenesisAsset Example
Let’s make a GenesisAsset:
Alias:asset1NetworkID:12345BlockchainID:0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000Outputs: []Inputs: []Memo:2Zc54v4ek37TEwu4LiV3j41PUMRd6acDDU3ZCVSxE7XName:asset1Symbol:MFCADenomination:1InitialStates:"Example Initial State as defined above"
[
Alias <- 0x617373657431
NetworkID <- 0x00003039
BlockchainID <- 0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
Outputs <- []
Inputs <- []
Memo <- 0x66x726f6d20736e6f77666c616b6520746f206176616c616e636865
Name <- 0x617373657431
Symbol <- 0x66x726f6d20736e6f77666c616b6520746f206176616c616e636865
Denomination <- 0x66x726f6d20736e6f77666c616b6520746f206176616c616e636865
InitialStates <- [
0x0000000000000001000000070000000000003039000000000000d431000000010000000251025c61fbcfc078f69334f834be6dd26d55a955c3344128e060128ede3523a24a461c8943ab0859
]
]
=
[
// asset alias len:
0x00, 0x06,
// asset alias:
0x61, 0x73, 0x73, 0x65, 0x74, 0x31,
// network_id:
0x00, 0x00, 0x30, 0x39,
// blockchain_id:
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
// output_len:
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
// input_len:
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
// memo_len:
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x1b,
// memo:
0x66, 0x72, 0x6f, 0x6d, 0x20, 0x73, 0x6e, 0x6f, 0x77, 0x66, 0x6c, 0x61,
0x6b, 0x65, 0x20, 0x74, 0x6f, 0x20, 0x61, 0x76, 0x61, 0x6c, 0x61, 0x6e, 0x63, 0x68, 0x65,
// asset_name_len:
0x00, 0x0f,
// asset_name:
0x6d, 0x79, 0x46, 0x69, 0x78, 0x65, 0x64, 0x43, 0x61, 0x70, 0x41, 0x73, 0x73, 0x65, 0x74,
// symbol_len:
0x00, 0x04,
// symbol:
0x4d, 0x46, 0x43, 0x41,
// denomination:
0x07,
// number of InitialStates:
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01,
// InitialStates[0]:
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x07, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x30, 0x39, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0xd4, 0x31, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x51, 0x02, 0x5c, 0x61,
0xfb, 0xcf, 0xc0, 0x78, 0xf6, 0x93, 0x34, 0xf8,
0x34, 0xbe, 0x6d, 0xd2, 0x6d, 0x55, 0xa9, 0x55,
0xc3, 0x34, 0x41, 0x28, 0xe0, 0x60, 0x12, 0x8e,
0xde, 0x35, 0x23, 0xa2, 0x4a, 0x46, 0x1c, 0x89,
0x43, 0xab, 0x08, 0x59,
]